2021年云南成人高考高起點(diǎn)英語語法講解:主謂一致
主謂一致是指句子的謂語動(dòng)詞要與句子的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。這類題的出題方式一般是要求考生根據(jù)已給的主語或主語部分在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出與之相配的正確的謂語動(dòng)詞。
l)名詞作主語的情況:通常情況下,作主語的名詞為單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞肯定用單數(shù);名詞為復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。但下列情況應(yīng)特別注意。
要求用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞的名詞:表示國家、學(xué)科、書、雜志或劇名的詞,如mathematics(數(shù)學(xué)),the United States(美國)等;不可數(shù)名詞,如information(信息),news(新聞),furniture(家具),the population(人口)等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Physics is so difficult for me to learn well.
物理對(duì)我來說學(xué)好太難了。
The new advanced machinery has been sent to the factory.
新的先進(jìn)機(jī)器已經(jīng)送到工廠了。
Harry Potter is very popular all over the world.
《哈利·波特》在全世界都很受歡迎。
要求用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞的名詞:arms(武裝),clothes(衣服),goods(貨物),people(人),police(警察),cattle(牛),youth(年輕人)等作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The goods have been transported to you by sea.
貨物已經(jīng)海運(yùn)發(fā)給你了。
The people who go online include those who are looking for better opportunities.
上網(wǎng)人包括那些尋找更好機(jī)會(huì)的人。
要求用單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞的名詞:有些名詞在作主語時(shí),其所需的謂語動(dòng)詞要看情形而定。
表示兩個(gè)對(duì)稱部分組成的事物的名詞,單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);用量詞或表示類別的詞修飾后作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞根據(jù)量詞的數(shù)目變換。這類詞有:shoes(鞋),pants(褲子),shorts(短褲),glasses(眼鏡),trousers(長褲),scissors(剪子),等等。修飾這些詞的短語有:kind of,type of,pair of,quantity of,amount of,等等。
The new shoes I just bought are for my daughter.
我剛買的鞋是給我女兒的。
The pair of glasses belongs to her mother.
那副眼鏡是她***。
Two types of pants are sold out.
兩種款式的褲子賣光了。
單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語時(shí),強(qiáng)調(diào)單數(shù)時(shí)用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞,強(qiáng)調(diào)復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。這類詞有:family(家庭、家庭成員),team(隊(duì)、隊(duì)員),class(班級(jí)、班級(jí)成員),government(政府、政府官員),club(俱樂部、俱樂部成員),public(公眾、公民),group(小組、小組成員),crowd(群、一群人),crew(工作人員),means(方法),works(工廠),sheep(羊),fish(魚),Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中國人),any(無論哪個(gè)、無論哪些),等等。
Her family is very warm.Every member of her family is so friendly.
她的家庭非常溫暖,每一個(gè)家庭成員都很友好。
The class is/are interested in his lectures.
班里的同學(xué)對(duì)他的講座很感興趣。
2)代詞作主語的情況:
要求單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞的代詞:someone,anyone,no one,everyone,somethin9,nothing,each,等等。
Each of them in the team has been working hard.
隊(duì)里的每一個(gè)人都一直在努力訓(xùn)練。
No one likes your book.
沒人喜歡你的書。
代詞后接名詞,謂語動(dòng)詞則根據(jù)其名詞而定。這類代詞及其形式有:all of,some of,half of,none of,most of,lots of,a lot of,plenty of,等等。同樣這些代詞,后不加of用法相同。
Some of the people were late this morning for the heavy rain.
今天早晨因?yàn)榇笥暧行┤诉t到了。
Some of water is left in the cup.
杯子里還剩了點(diǎn)兒水。
All the things are in the car now.
現(xiàn)在所有的東西都在車?yán)锪恕?/p>
Some work is easy.
有些活很簡單。
3)數(shù)量詞作主語的情況:
Many a+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),表示“許多”。
A number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),表示“許多”。
The number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù),表示“……的數(shù)量”。
Many a student now in high school has taken TOEFl.
如今許多中學(xué)生都考了托福。
A number of soldiers have gone to Sichuan Province.
許多士兵都去了四川省。
The number of the students in our school is 2,000.
我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)是2 000。
百分?jǐn)?shù)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)及其意義而定。
90 percent of students have passed the test.(students復(fù)數(shù))
百分之九十的學(xué)生通過了考試。
90 percent is a large percentage.(強(qiáng)調(diào)百分比)
百分之九十是一個(gè)很大的比例。
時(shí)間、價(jià)格、距離、度量衡單位等名詞或短語作主語時(shí),無論單、復(fù)數(shù),謂語動(dòng)詞一律用單數(shù)。
Ten years has passed.
過去l0年了。
500 meters is not far at all.We can walk there.
500米根本不遠(yuǎn),我們可以走過去。
4)從句或短語作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Reading books is a good way to learn more.
要學(xué)得更多,讀書是個(gè)好方法。
How far we can go is a problem.
我們到底能走多遠(yuǎn)是個(gè)問題。
What I said is good to you.
我所說的是為你好。
注意:who和what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí),如果指具體的人或事,謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)則須根據(jù)其含義而定。
What I need are things like books,pens,notebooks and so on.
我需要的是書、筆、本子之類的東西。
5)由連接詞連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語的情況:
由and連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí):如果兩個(gè)名詞表示不同的事物,謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù);若兩個(gè)名詞表示同一事物或一個(gè)整體時(shí)(這種情況通常是第一個(gè)名詞前有冠詞,第二個(gè)名詞前沒有冠詞),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);但兩個(gè)名詞前均被each,every,no修飾時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The writer and the professor are coming to our school.
那位作家和那位教授正趕往我們學(xué)校。
The professor and writer offers writing course in our school.
那位教授兼作家在我們學(xué)校開設(shè)寫作課。
Every teacher and every student has the chance to join the club.
每一位老師和學(xué)生都有機(jī)會(huì)加入這個(gè)俱樂部。
由or,not only…but also,either…or,neither...nor,not...but等連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí):根據(jù)就近原則確定謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)。
Not only you but also he is going to participate in the election.(is就近跟he,而不跟you)
不光是你,他也準(zhǔn)備加入選舉。
He or we two are going to the countryside.(are就近跟we,不跟he)
或者他,或者我們倆會(huì)去鄉(xiāng)下。
注意:若either或neither單獨(dú)作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。
Neither is here.
兩個(gè)人都不在。
Either has come.
兩人都來過。
由with,together with,along with,as well as,in,out of,except,rather than,like等介詞或短語連接的兩個(gè)名詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)這些詞或短語前面的名詞確定。
He together with his classmates is going to the new park.(is跟he,而不跟復(fù)數(shù)classmates)
他準(zhǔn)備和他的同學(xué)一起去新開的公園。
You as well as your boyfriend have the tickets for the movie.
你和你的男朋友都有電影票。
6)The+形容詞作主語時(shí),謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The wounded have been sent to the hospital.
傷者已經(jīng)被送往醫(yī)院了。
7)There be句型中的be的單、復(fù)數(shù)由后面的名詞而定;如果有兩個(gè)以上的名詞則采用就近原則。
There is only a boy in the group.
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